In May 2023, students of the “Strict Management Area” of Xincheng School in Changsha attended the training.China Youth Daily · China Youth.com reporter Liu Yan/Photo
China Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com reporter Liu Yan
Specialized schools are an important part of intervention and correction of sin errors.Criminal Law Amendment (11), prevention of minors (hereinafter referred to as the “Prevention Law”) stipulates that minors who are not punished for criminal punishment for the implementation of criminal law and due to the dissatisfaction with the age of criminal liability shall not be punished.The committee evaluates and agrees that the education administrative department and the public security organs may decide to conduct special correction education.
The prevention law stipulates that the provincial people’s government shall determine at least a special place in accordance with the local actual situation in accordance with the actual situation of the local area to set up special places in accordance with the distribution campus, division and other methods to conduct special correction education.The reality is that since 2021, although the special schools have developed to a certain extent, the distribution is uneven, and the survey data of the Ninth Procuratorate of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate shows that as of May 2022, there were more than 110 special schools in the country, with 9 of 9, 9, and 9 of them.There are no special schools in the province. There are more than 30 special schools in Guizhou Province, and each state is available.
A few days ago, a number of special school principals told reporters from China Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com that there are many difficulties in implementing the implementation of education to implement education.
“Re -deduct the first buttons of the buckle crooked”
“The development of specialized education has long been subject to the” negative effects of the title “.” Wang Chunsheng, the chairman of the Chinese Education Society, told the China Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com.Since 1993, he has served as the only special school in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, the principal of the Mingde School of Taiyuan City, and then stepped down in 2020.
Prior to 2005, the school’s name was still Taiyuan City Workshop.The word “work” is to work for half a day, studying political theory and cultural courses for a long time.Since its establishment, the enrollment of the working school has been responsible for the public security department and adopted a compulsory enrollment to recruit students.After the reform and opening up, the enrollment of specialized schools in various places still adopts a semi -compulsory method.With the implementation of the Compulsory Education Law in 1986, the work -study school became a school that assumed compulsory education in accordance with the law, and the enrollment channel was transferred from the public security organs to the education department.
The prevention law implemented in 1999 stipulates that the enrollment of the construction school is “applying by parents, guardians, or the school,” and the industry is called the “three voluntary voluntary” principles.In fact, it is difficult for schools to send students to work schools when parents disagree.
“The work -study school has the problem of stigma and labeling. Many parents cannot accept it, the school recognition is not high, and they are unwilling to send their children over.China Youth.com reporter.With the loss of compulsory enrollment procedures, the school -study schools have entered the “cold winter” of development, and the number of students has decreased sharply. As of 2005, there were only 77 engineering schools across the country.
The current compulsory education law, minor protection law (hereinafter referred to as the “unburric law”) and the prevention law have renamed the work -study school as a specialized school.Some schools have also removed the “work” in the school name, and switched to “Yuhua”, “Xin Suo”, “Shuguang” and so on.
But the shadow left by “work” is still shrouded in the head of a special school.Sun Qiang (pseudonym), the principal of a provincial capital of a central provincial capital, told a reporter from the Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com that for a long time, the special school was “equal” with minors in the perception of parents.For minors with bad behaviors, some parents would rather choose “training camps”, “correction camp” and “certain academy” with high prices and no qualifications, and are not willing to send them to specialized schools.Sun Qiang said that the special school is currently accepted financial appropriations in accordance with the average student funding, and the issue of enrollment difficulties once restricted the development of specialized schools.
In order to attract the source of students, some specialized schools have started reforming school -running models. Based on the moral education class, rule of law, and cultural courses, they have added special sports, dance, art and other courses. Some schools have also launched special vocational education to increaseAttraction of enrollment.
“Many children who have problems are fast physiological development and lagging psychological development. After poor academic performance in ordinary schools, there are some broken jars after being criticized. Especially in adolescence, it is easy to be brought to some people in the society.”Wang Chunsheng said.During his principal, the school offers characteristic boxing and dance courses, attracting many students.
“Specialized school bears the process of making the problem that minors really become a sound social person.” Sun Qiang said, “Re -deducting his first buckle.”
Help grassroots law enforcement agencies solve “in the morning, grab in the afternoon”
After the current prevention law is implemented on June 1, 2021, the school has ushered in the actual demand for grass -roots law enforcement agencies for the cracking down on minors’ crimes.
Sun Qiang is a member of the province’s special education and guidance committee. He introduced that in order to meet the needs of the grass -roots law enforcement department, a provincial school has been closed in 2024.The “home delivery” only receives the “police delivery” of illegal crimes.
Sun Qiang was invited to a prefecture -level city in the province to explain special education. The captain of the local law and order brigade revealed to him that because there were no special schools, 480 were in violation of laws in the first quarter of the local 2023, of which the repeated illegal crimes were 10.There are more than a dozen people, up to 30 times, often “put in the morning, grab in the afternoon”.
The prevention law stipulates that specialized education is specially adopted by closed -loop management. In order to avoid “cross -infection” of minors with different degrees of adverse behaviors, specialized schools in some regions have begun to explore the school running model of “one school, two districts” and isolate them.
At the end of 2021, the Xincheng School of Changsha City, Hunan Province began the construction of a “strict management area”, which is mainly used to receive minors who are less than 12 years old and less than 18 years old and have serious bad behaviors.People and procuratorial organs have decided to be relatively non -prosecution and have not prosecuted minors.
Xincheng School is the only public school in Changsha City. It was originally managed by the Changsha Judicial Bureau and was transferred to the Changsha Education Bureau at the end of 2019.In the past, it was basically “home -seeking”, and more than 4,000 people had been transformed in education.
The “strict management area” implements fully closed management.In May 2023, a reporter from China Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com entered the school’s “strict management area” to visit.The 11 police officers stationed by the Changsha Public Security Bureau were responsible for the management of peripheral public security, and the other part of the class went to the class to conduct education and correction of the rule of law.Based on the different ages and seminars of the “police offering students”, the school has all courses in compulsory education in junior high school in Qiqi, and also offers more than 20 school -based courses including psychology, rule of law, Chinese education, martial arts, flower arrangement, and hand -made.Teachers and instructors provide all aspects of management of students. Students’ performances in accordance with regulations, study and education, civilized etiquette, labor and health, queue training, etc. are recorded in the case as a basis for evaluating their correction time.
After the implementation of the Inspection and Prevention Law was revised and implemented, Changsha City established a special education guidance committee composed of 15 departments. In February 2022, a special education evaluation expert committee was formed.”Evaluation experts are composed of more than 100 people from the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate, the court, the judicial bureau, the Education Bureau, the Youth League Committee and the special school.Five experts from the three departments have raised the time to determine the time of the problem of minors receiving correction education. Before the expiration, the evaluation team decided whether to extend in the school according to the performance of the school. “
In July 2023, Changsha Public Security Bureau revealed to the public response to the representative of the Changsha People’s Congress that over 85%of the “two thefts” (the stolen property in the car, the stolen store property) cases in the area over the past years, the crime person who was a minor for crimes in the case of the case of the car.In the first half of 2023, 274 minors with serious bad behaviors were sent to a special school. The number of “two stolen” cases in the city’s streets decreased significantly year -on -year and the case was effectively curbed.
“Specialized correction education must have the attributes of education”
The prevention law stipulates that local governments at or above the county level shall establish by education, civil affairs, finance, human resources and social security, public security, judicial administration, people’s procuratorate, people’s court, Communist Youth League, WomenSpecialized education guidance committees composed of specialized schools and other units, lawyers, social workers, and other personnel to study and determine related school teaching, management and other related work.
In addition, after the applicable education of minors, the special education guidance committee is required to evaluate the approval and consent of the education guidance committee, and the education administrative department shall be decided with the public security organs.”However, many places have not yet established this committee, which restricts the development of specialized schools. Even if some areas have been established, it involves more than a dozen departments.
“Sometimes the crime of minors was arrested by the public security organs, but this time, the special education guidance committee did not meet for assessment. They could only put it back first. After the evaluation, I decided to accept it.It ’s.” A specialized school in the school introduced to reporters.
In some regional practice, the evaluation procedures are simplified, and they are often judged by the public security organs based on the social harmfulness of the case to judge their time to enter the special school education correction.Teachers from a special school in Wenshan Zhuang Miao Autonomous Prefecture told the Youth Daily · Zhongqing.com reporter.
“It is more difficult to manage the specialty of education and education. Teachers have paid more and difficult to achieve results, so some schools also have conflicts.” Wang Chunsheng said, “Teachers’ social recognition of special schools is relatively low.Can’t reach the prospect of career development. “
The source of teachers in specialized schools is also a big problem. At present, ordinary colleges and universities in my country do not have a specialty education major. Specialized schools often can only recruit from graduates of subject education.Through the talent introduction method, Sun Qiang introduced the graduate student of a certain school -owned university for the school.Dare to speak. “
In the absence of professional teachers and curriculum construction, some newly established schools that are mainly directed by special correction education are the main schools. “Some of them only have military training every day, unlike schools, like temporary detention places.Attributes must also have education attributes, otherwise “saving people for a while, destroying people for a lifetime ‘, so that he can complete the socialization.” Wang Chunsheng said.
“At present, the biggest problem for special education is that there are too few personalized things.” In his minds, good special education should be like seeing a doctor. Because of the treatment of people, it helps to find these special minors to find the root cause of the problem, and open a specific prescription for specific prescriptions.Essence
Source: China Youth Daily
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